<p>Immaculate Conception Catholic Church is a historic Catholic parish at Fulda in rural Noble County, Ohio, United States. Established in the 1840s among a group of German immigrants, it worships in a landmark building that dominates the surrounding community. The building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Noble Countys pioneer settlers arrived soon after the Treaty of Greenville, 1795; although the area is near the earliest settlement at Marietta, the northward advance of civilization was delayed by events such as the Big Bottom massacre, 1790, on the Muskingum River not far to the west. However, the history of Fulda began far later, for Charles Burlingame platted it in 1861. By the late 1880s, numerous Germans were among the small villages population.</p><br>
<p>The first clergy in modern-day Noble County were itinerant ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church; preachers from other denominations were equally as active as the Methodists, but less numerous. Harriettsvilles first church, predating the community itself, was a small group of Methodists. Immaculate Conception Church was organized about 1840, seven years after the first Germans arrived in the area after migrating from Wheeling, Virginia. No priest came among them until 1840, and until 1849 the ministration of the sacraments was rare. A priest from Miltonsburg began making twice-monthly visits in 1849, but the first resident priest was appointed in 1858. Although he stayed only two years, his successor D.J. Kluber served the parish from 1860 until 1883, exerting immense influence over the parish, and the members saw him as being largely responsible for the parishs growth and stability. Construction began on a small church building under the ministry of the priest from Miltonsburg, and Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati dedicated it in 1853. Ten years later, the parishioners constructed a parish school, and a rectory followed in 1866; its large size and pretentious architecture resulted in a high construction cost of $2,500. By this time, the original church building had become entirely inadequate for the needs of the congregation, and replacement plans were laid; the cornerstone was laid in May 1874, and Bishop Rosecrans of Columbus dedicated it in August of the following year.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick, Immaculate Conception is a Romanesque Revival structure with a gabled front divided into three bays. Each of the side bays is pierced by an entrance with fanlight and a window above, while the tower projecting from the center bay includes two oculi and an arched window above its doorway. A belfry with louvering is placed within the tower in the small space between the roofline of the rest of the building and the top of the tower. Unlike the bays in the facade, the side bays are almost totally occupied by large Romanesque windows, while a cornice of miniature arches sits under the eaves between the brackets. Moreover, the interior possesses complexity uncommon in rural Appalachian Ohio, due to components such as a vaulted ceiling, polychromy, and a grand high altar. The churchs dedication to the Virgin prompts its primary paint color to be a light blue, although rose and gold are extensively used as a reference to Christ the King. Outside, the church is the primary component of Fuldas built environment: its location on a hilltop highlights the west-facing building&#39;s architecture, which is of far grander style than any other building in the community.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception remains an active part of the Diocese of Steubenville, being one of its five parishes in Noble County.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name "St. Marys Church of the Immaculate Conception&quot it qualified both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its significant place in local history. It is one of nine Noble County locations on the National Register; among the others is St. Henrys Church in Harriettsville, which Immaculate Conception supported in the two parishes&#39; earliest years.</p><br>
<p>The Old School Privy is a historic outhouse in the village of Genoa, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1870s, it has the unusual distinction of being both a public toilet and an official historic site.</p><br>
<p>Incorporated in 1868, Genoa quickly sought to demonstrate its residents&#39; civic pride through the construction of fine buildings. Among these was its first schoolhouse, which the residents built two years later; it was significant enough to the community that they also erected an architecturally distinctive public toilet adjacent to it in the same year. Public toilets were once common near crossroads in Ohio and other Northwest Territory states, but architecture comparable to the Old School Privy was virtually unknown for such humble structures. In later years, the building was converted for use as an incinerator.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the privy features elements of limestone. It is a rectangular building with a gabled roof and a chimney at each end; two doors pierce the front, while two full windows and a small semicircular light are placed in the side. Rather than being built simply functionally without unnecessary elements, the building features the high styling of Romanesque Revival architecture, such as rusticated stone trim and decorative stonework in the arches that top the entrances. Stonework is used in many of the components that were expected to see heavy use, including the steps, the windowsills, the thresholds, and the water table.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Old School Privy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its place in local history. One of 29 such locations in Ottawa County, it was the seventh to be given this distinction. Other outhouses have been added to the Register as contributing properties to larger designations, such as the outhouses associated with the Old Union Church at Alfordsville in southwestern Indiana, but very few public toilets such as the Old School Privy or Colorado&#39;s Bear Lake Comfort Station have individually been named to the Register.</p><br>
<p>Saint Josephs Catholic Church is a historic church in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus, located in Somerset, Ohio. It is the oldest Catholic church building in Ohio and home to Ohios oldest Catholic parish which has been served by priests of the Dominican order since its foundation. Built in 1843, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In approximately 1798, Jacob Dittoe, a German-Catholic pioneer, moved to the Ohio wilderness in the area near modern-day Somerset. About seven years, Dittoe began petitioning Bishop Carroll of Baltimore (the only Catholic bishop in the United States at the time) to send priests to his growing Catholic community. In a letter dated Feb. 1, 1808, Dittoe informed the bishop of the locals&#39; needs for the Sacraments, and asked if a Catholic lawyer could validate marriages in the absence of a priest. Apparently, this letter moved the bishop to act. He sent Dominican priest, Father Edward Fenwick from Kentucky to find Dittoe and serve the religious needs of his community.</p><br>
<p>Fenwick traveled from Kentucky to Ohio along Zanes Trace, and learned of Dittoes whereabouts when he reached New Lancaster. Lost on the poorly marked road, Fenwick followed sound of an ax cracking through the wilderness to reach the home of Jacob and Catherine Dittoe in September 1808. From that time forward, Fr. Fenwick attempted annual visits. One notable exception was in 1812 when Bishop Flaget of Bardstown and Father Stephen Badin lodged with the Dittoes en route to Baltimore. Of the occasion, Flaget wrote:</p><br>
<p>The 320 acres Flaget mentioned was eventually deeded to Fr. Fenwick as a site for a church and seminary. In 1818, Fenwick and his nephew, Fr. Nicholas Dominic Young, took up residence in a cabin Dittoe built as headquarters for the Ohio missions. Fr. Fenwick dedicated the original Saint Joseph Church on Dec. 6, 1818. A log structure measuring 22 feet long and 15 feet wide, it was the first Catholic church building in Ohio. Jacob Dittoe chose the parish patron saint. The first baptismal record at the new parish was that of Nicholas J. Ryan on Dec. 24, 1818. Conditions in the log church were harsh; winter temperatures dropped low enough that a brazier was used on the altar during Mass to keep the Communion wine from freezing.</p><br>
<p>Fenwick left St. Joseph Church in 1821 when he was appointed as bishop of the newly formed Diocese of Cincinnati. Fr. Young carried on alone until 1823 when Fr. Daniel O&#39;Leary joined him at St. Joseph and remained with him there until the mid-1830s. During that time, the log church was replaced with a brick one; it was dedicated on Jan. 11, 1829. In time, this structure became too crowded, so construction on another church building began in 1839. Despite funding difficulties, the church (the current St. Joseph church building) was completed and dedicated in 1843.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Clergy</h2><br>
<p>St. John The Baptist Roman Catholic Church is a historic church at Ohio 694 and Main Street in Glandorf, Ohio. It was built in 1875 and added to the National Register in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1834, Father Johann Wilhelm Horstmann and other settlers immigrated from Glandorf, Germany, to Putnam County, Ohio. They acquired a tract of land from the government, and established the town of Glandorf along and the first Catholic church in Putnam County. The church building was a by log cabin that also served as a residence for Father Horstmann.</p><br>
<p>The congregation quickly outgrew the original building and, in 1837, a larger hewn-log church was dedicated to St John the Baptist. Father Horstman died in 1843 and Father Bohne, who took over the parish, began construction of a brick church building. Shortly afterward, the parish put under the control of the Sanguinist Fathers and, in 1848, a convent was established.</p><br>
<p>The current church building was built in 1875 and dedicated in 1878. It was designed by Cudell & Richardson, and it was the largest Roman Catholic church in Ohio at the time. The church is built in the Neo-Gothic style and has a 225-foot spire. It contained "figurines from Austria, stained glass windows imported from Munich, Germany, and a highly detailed pulpit which was purchased for $1,400 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia", according to Michael Leach, who wrote a book on the church&#39;s history. Pioneer cemetery, which holds the grave of Father Horstmann, sits beside the church.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the church was added to the National Register.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, a fire in the church caused $1.2 million worth of damage to the inside.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the parish opened a museum to display the history of the church and the town of Glandorf.</p><br>
<h2>Church restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2017, the church underwent a 3-month restoration and improvement project. The $1.2 million project involved preventive measures such as fiberglassing the interior walls, painting, and installing updated storm windows to protect the stained glass. In addition, a lowered ceiling in the vestibule was removed to uncover a stained glass window. The work was carried out by Conrad Schmitt Studios of New Berlin, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>Judaculla Rock is a curvilinear-shaped outcrop of soapstone with quarry scars and petroglyphs. It is located on a 0.85-acre rectangular-shaped property, owned by Jackson County, approximately 60 meters east of Caney Fork Creek, a major branch of the northwestward-trending Tuckasegee River, in the mountains of western North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The petroglyph boulder occurs within an artificially created bowl-shaped depression. Today this is covered with mowed grass (it was previously cultivated as a corn field) and bordered on the west by a thicket of river cane (Arundinaria gigantea). Slightly upslope and east of the boulder are a few smaller outcroppings of soapstone bedrock, at least two of which show definite scars left by quarrying for soapstone bowl manufacture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The surface of the westward-slanting main boulder with petroglyphs, which measures roughly 22 m&sup2 it includes scars left by soapstone bowl extraction. Three depressions show stem extraction and three more are hollow scallops. Numerous petroglyph designs have been pecked and incised into the surface. The densely packed motifs, especially those along the upper two-thirds of the boulder, often makes it difficult to distinguish between the carvings. A minimum count of the patterns revealed 1,458 cup marks, 47 curvilinear units, ten bowl-shaped depressions, ten stick-like figures, nine rills, three concentric rings designs, three curvilinear motifs, three deer tracks, two claw-like imprints, one arc, one cross-in-circle, and one winged shape.</p><br>
<h2>Date range</h2><br>
<p>Petroglyphs that occur within three hollow scallops suggest that their production took place after soapstone bowl quarrying had ceased at the site, a finding supported by similar overlaps at a smaller soapstone boulder in western North Carolina (Brinkley Rock) and two more in northern Georgia (Track Rock Gap and Sprayberry Rock). In terms of stylistic cross-dating, the similarity between the concentric ring and cross-in-ring petroglyph designs on the boulder with patterns on ceramic from the region suggests that the petroglyphs over the Late Archaic soapstone extraction scars date somewhere between the Middle Woodland and Late Mississippian periods.</p><br>
<p>Controlled archaeological excavations around the boulder revealed deposits that unfortunately have been heavily disturbed in historic times. However, auger sampling of soils higher on the slope suggest intact layers remain. These layers, containing soapstone and lithic fragments left by soapstone bowl manufacture, probably date to the Late Archaic period.</p><br>
<h2>Cherokee lore</h2><br>
<p>Judaculla Rock retains a special significance to the Cherokee Indians, despite their mass removal from the region in 1838. Cherokee accounts link Judaculla (also known as Tuli-cula/Juthcullah/Tsulʻkalu), their slant-eyed Master-of-Game, with the surrounding landscape, including landforms, rivers, and Indian towns. The petroglyph boulder is on an old trail that linked the old Cherokee townhouse at Cullowhee, or "Juthcullahs Place," with Judacullas reputed townhouse within Tannasee Bald (also known as Tsunegûñyĭ). From a traditional perspective, contemporary Cherokees continue to regard the boulder as spiritually significant.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>From a rock art perspective, the boulder is significant as it contains more petroglyphs than any other known boulder east of the Mississippi River. Judaculla Rock contains approximately 1,548 motifs, 3.7 times the total of 421 motifs at the substantial Track Rock Gap petroglyph boulder complex in far northern Georgia. From an archaeological perspective, the intact deposits upslope from Judaculla Rock contain physical traces of Late Archaic soapstone quarrying and bowl manufacturing activities. The location of Judaculla Rock between Cullowhee townhouse and Judaculla&#39;s townhouse in Tannasee Bald is reflected in Cherokee stories of other petroglyph boulders in the mountains and foothills of North Carolina and northern Georgia. These intermediary locations tie the summer agricultural pursuits in the floodplains to the fall and winter hunting in the uplands. It is also significant that the petroglyph boulders are probably stylized picture maps of the terrain where they are found.</p><br>
<p>Judaculla Rock appears to be physical representation of the entire landscape the Cherokees inhabited and exploited, and it not only embodies a distinctive characteristic of petroglyph boulders in the region but also is likely to yield additional information about the history and prehistory of the area. Collaboration in Jackson County between the Parker family, the North Carolina Rock Art Project, the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, the Western Carolina University, the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, and the Caney Fork Community Council, enabled the construction of a semi-circular elevated viewing platform at the site, complete with interpretive signs. This pro-active conservation and management of Judaculla Rock has turned it into a textbook example of how rock art sites in other parts of the country can be preserved, interpreted, and presented on a sustainable basis to the visiting public for generations to come.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, Judaculla Rock was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopalian church in Fremont, a city in the northwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Built in the 1840s and expanded multiple times in the following decades, it has been named a historic site for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>Fremont&#39;s first Protestant Episcopalian meeting was held on January 15, 1842, with twenty-eight individuals present. Parish officers were chosen ten days later, and the first meeting of the vestry in early February petitioned Bishop McIlvaine for a pastor. Before long, a priest began coming periodically from Norwalk, and a new priest was ordained in the following November, although he only served one year before resigning due to ill health.</p><br>
<p>In 1843, the members built a new church building on the northwestern corner of Main and Court Streets.</p><br>
<p>Among the parish&#39;s most prominent members have been Ralph Pomeroy Buckland, a general during the American Civil War, and Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s is a thoroughly Gothic Revival structure with brick walls, a stone foundation, and elements of wood. Among its more distinctive elements is the square bell tower, which was constructed in 1906. The interior features components such as an octagonal baptistry, a pipe organ, frescoes, and a chancel and recess that were expanded in 1873. The interior is lit by stained glass windows and by massive chandeliers.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s is a member parish of the Diocese of Ohio. In early 2013, its rector was Daniel Longsworth Orr.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, St. Paul&#39;s was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of four National Register-listed properties on Park Avenue and one of seven in the city of Fremont.</p><br>
<p>Wyandot Mission Church is a historic church in Upper Sandusky, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1824 under the direction of Reverend James B. Finley and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Wyandot Mission Church, located on East Church Street in the Old Mission Cemetery, is the first officially recognized mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America. Many of the Wyandot&#39;s of the Grand Reservation faithfully worshiped every week until their forced migration west to Kansas in 1843.</p><br>
<p>Restored in 1889 and designated a National Shrine of the Methodist Church in 1960, the church is open during the summer months for nondenominational worship services every Sunday at 8 a.m. A Presbyterian service is held at 9:30 a.m. Sundays during August. A historical marker was placed at the Wyandot Mission Church in 2003 for the celebration of Ohio’s bicentennial anniversary.</p><br>
<p>The historic church is also open for tours from 1 to 4 p.m. Friday through Sunday during June, July, and August, and can be viewed at other times by arrangement with John Stewart United Methodist Church, which oversees the mission.</p><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Church of Marietta is a historic Unitarian Universalist church in the city of Marietta, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1869, it uses a building constructed in 1858 for one of its two predecessor churches; this building&#39;s high-quality architecture has led to its designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<p>In January 1830, Nahum Ward published an advertisement in the Marietta Intelligencer seeking to find other friends of liberal religion, and the resulting group organized as a Unitarian church in the following month. Members laid the cornerstone of their building in July 1855, and by the time of the buildings dedication in June 1857, the congregation had paid approximately $25,000 for lot, materials, furnishings, and labor. The original form of the congregation ceased to exist in May 1869 at its merger with the citys Universalist church, which itself had been founded in 1817 but suffered severe damage to its property in an 1860 flood. The combined church took the name of "First Universalist Church of Marietta".</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation and featuring additional elements of stone, the First Unitarian Church is a Gothic Revival building. Pilasters divide the facade into three bay, with the doorway in the center, and the side is divided into five. The left bay of the facade, from the perspective of a viewer on the street, is occupied by the base of a square tower nearly twice the height of the rest of the building; while shorter windows in the tower and facade sit below similar second-story windows, and the side windows occupy the height of both stories, tall third-story windows are set near the top of the tower, and the pilasters on all four corners of the tower, similar to those on the rest of the building, are crowned with pointed pinnacles. The buildings general shape is that of a front-gable rectangle, with small-size crenellations atop the edges, and the Gothic Revival style is typified by the ogive windows and doorways in the facade and side. Constructed under the direction of architect John M. Slocomb, the building is one of the regions earliest extant Gothic Revival churches. Both stonework and brickwork were completed by local craftsmen, the bricks being made from clay extracted from Sacra Via, the ceremonial walls built by the Mound Builders near the edge of the Muskingum River.</p><br>
<p>In October 1973, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and its close connection to Nahum Ward, who was deemed a significant resident of nineteenth-century Marietta. It was the last of four Marietta locations to be listed on the Register in 1973, following the Mound Cemetery Mound in February and the Wilcox-Mills House and Erwin Hall at Marietta College in April. It is also a part of the Marietta Historic District, listed on the Register in 1974, which embraces more than two thousand buildings across 900 acre of the city.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Reformed Church is a historic former Evangelical and Reformed Church congregation near the village of Navarre in Stark County, Ohio, United States. Established in the 1830s, it remained in existence into the 1990s, and while it has since withered away into nonexistence, its early twentieth-century church building survives and has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>A German Reformed church was active in Bethlehem Township by the 1810s, and St. Paul&#39;s Church was organized in 1835. The original church building was constructed in 1845 and stood for nearly seventy years; when it burned in 1913, the present church was constructed on the same site.</p><br>
<p>Gothic Revival in style, the church is a brick building with stucco-covered roof, set on a foundation of a mix of brick and concrete. The building sits atop a small hill, with stairs rising both to the side and the front of the building. Its main entrance is set in a square tower with lancet windows in the second story, while the principal portion of the building is a rectangular building rising to a gable. Brick buttresses split the exterior into several bays, some wider than others; the narrow bays are continuous, while wide ogive windows and smaller rectangular windows pierce the wider bays.</p><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, St. Paul&#39;s was the social center for the small unincorporated community of Smoketown, and the church membership roll comprised hundreds of names, but both community and church have dwindled; every Smoketown business has closed, and while the congregation remained active into the 1990s, it is no longer active. By the late 2000s, only one previous member remained active, spending church money and his own funds to keep the building in repair, although the building was no longer in use aside from occasional weddings. The church cemetery is also maintained, cared for by the township. In 2006, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of four Register-listed locations in the vicinity of Navarre, along with the Loew-Define Grocery Store and Home, the Rochester Square Historic District, and the Stahl-Hoagland House.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church building in the city of Massillon, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1876 for a congregation composed largely of European immigrants, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The origins of St. Mary parish lie among numerous Germans and Irish who settled in Massillon in its early years and built a small house of worship on Cherry Road in the 1840s. This building stood until 1875, when it was destroyed so that the present church might occupy its location; it was built in 1876. The designer was Leon Beaver, a Dayton architect. He was assisted in design and in stonecarving by Massillon resident John Verment, who later designed St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church elsewhere in Massillon.</p><br>
<p>Built primarily of sandstone, St. Mary&#39;s is a high Gothic Revival structure with a facade of two nearly identical towers and a Latin cross floor plan. The entire building measures 185 ft from north to south and 85 ft on the sides. Sculptures are placed in small alcoves on the second stories of the towers and at the peak of the front gable, while windows and belfries occupy the higher stories of the towers. The main entrance comprises three adjacent portals underneath a large rose window at the center of the facade. Both the buttresses and the corners of the towers rise to decorative finials, while a large cross crowns the front gable.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its usual functions as a parish church, St. Marys formerly housed a shrine to St. Dymphna, a mediaeval Irish virgin martyr, although the shrine was destroyed in a 2015 fire. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in early 1979, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of four Massillon churches with this designation, along with First Methodist Church, John Verments St. Josephs Catholic Church, and St. Timothys Episcopal Church. The parish remains an active part of the Diocese of Youngstown.</p><br>
<p>On August 4, 2015, a fire broke out in the church, ultimately destroying a baptistery and a shrine. The structure of the building survived, but heavy smoke caused much destruction. After closing for cleaning and restoration, St. Mary&#39;s reopened on December 25, 2016.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Lutheran Church is a historic former Lutheran church in downtown Canton, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1880s for a flourishing congregation, it closed in the early 2010s, leaving behind a church building that has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Canton&#39;s oldest Lutheran congregation, later designated First, was the parent congregation of Trinity; the pioneer members left First to organize a congregation to worship in English. Their new congregation was officially established in November 1838.</p><br>
<p>The church is primarily Romanesque Revival in style, reflecting the preferences of architect Guy Tilden, but the wishes of the church&#39;s building committee prompted him to include Gothic Revival elements. The appearance is dominated by the bell tower, 60 ft tall, while other major elements include a porte-cochere and the ornate stained glass windows. Few Canton buildings exhibit Romanesque Revival architecture of comparable quality.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1886, Trinity is the oldest of Tildens surviving designs in Canton. Its foundation is stone, with an asphalt roof and sandstone walls. The bell tower, located on the left from the perspective of a viewer across the street, features an entrance in the base and tall ogive windows that extend for the majority of the towers height. Smaller ogive windows pierce the top section of the tower, which is crowned by a steep pyramidal roof. The main section of the church includes a street-facing gable at the center, while another entrance and the porte-cochere are located on the viewers right. These components are designed in a manner reminiscent of the original Romanesque style, with elements such as the imitation cloister-style windows in the center of the facade and the increased thickness of the walls as one approaches the ground evoking the appearance of the original style. The buildings overall footprint measures 70 ft by 180 ft.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, Trinity was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its important architecture and because of its place in community history. It was the first of several Tilden-designed buildings given this distinction; two years later, several others (including the downtown Bender&#39;s Restaurant) were also added to the Register through the multiple property submission process. However, landmark status was unable to preserve the congregation indefinitely: in late 2010, the members voted to disorganize their church, following a period of decline that resulted in average Sunday worship attendance of just thirty people. After the congregation closed, the building was purchased by a local developer with plans to convert it into a wedding chapel.</p><br>
<p>The East Market Street Church of Christ is a historic former church building in Akron, Ohio, United States. Built in 1912 and one of the oldest Akron Plan churches in existence, it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Akron architectural firm of Harpster and Bliss, foremost in their field in the early twentieth century, designed the church building in an early form of the Akron Plan. Developed by inventor Lewis Miller, the distinctive floor plan consists of a central sanctuary surrounded by Sunday school rooms. The citys earliest (and thus earliest in the world) Akron Plan churches have not survived, leaving the 1912 East Market Street church as the oldest such church in the city; into the late twentieth century, it was the citys oldest Akron Plan church still in use as a church.</p><br>
<p>East Market Street is a two-story brick building with walls laid in Flemish bond. The Neoclassical structure rests on a stone foundation and is covered with an asphalt roof, and terracotta is used for some detailing. Its facade comprises a pedimented two-column central portico, with stairs providing access from the sidewalk to the recessed central entrance. The corners of the facade are ordinary walls, comparable to those on the side, with rectangular windows on the first story and arched windows on the second. A basement faces the parking lot on the northwestern side, with an at-grade entrance near the front of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the East Market Street Church of Christ was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Critical to this designation was its relatively little changed interior; aside from being the oldest unmodified Akron Plan church in the city, it was one of just two surviving anywhere citywide. At the time, it was still home to the church that had built it, although the congregation has since merged with another Disciples church; the combined congregation worships on Akron&#39;s Darrow Road, and the building at 864 Market Street has become home to the Summit Academy Secondary School, an alternative school. It occasionally remains in use for non-academic purposes, hosting events such as the November 2014 funeral of a police officer shot a few blocks away.</p><br>
<p>The City of Ferndale was designated as a State Historic Landmark  in 1975 by the California State Parks Office of Historic Preservation. Ferndale&#39;s Main Street Historic District was established in 1994 by the National Park Service and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Two distinct architectural phases are represented: late 19th century Victorian architecture, 1880 to 1890 and the early Modern period of the 20th century, 1920 to 1936. Eastlake-Stick style buildings by Architect T.J. Frost are particularly well represented as are Italianate, Queen Anne, Neo-Classic, Bungalow, and Mission styles.</p><br>
<p>The Ferndale Main Street Historic District covers 46 acres, includes 39 contributing buildings and one object, the Town Clock.</p><br>
<p>Six other Historic Landmarks, the Shaw House, the Berding House, the Catholic Church of the Assumption Rectory, Ferndale Public Library and the</p><br>
<p>Alford-Nielson House are within the city limits, and the Fern Cottage Historic District is slightly out of town.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<h3>Legoland Model Replica</h3><br>
<p>Many of Ferndale&#39;s buildings have been recreated at the Legoland California theme park - the only American small town represented alongside New York, San Francisco, Las Vegas and other nationally known locations. Ferndale was settled by many Danes, and Lego is a Danish company. In 1995, Legoland staff took hundreds of photos in Ferndale, and used over 1 million Lego bricks to recreate the town in the Miniland section of the park.</p><br>
<h3>Films and Movies</h3><br>
<p>Ferndales historic Main Street has been shown in television and movies since the 1960s. The street is featured in movies like The Majestic, Outbreak, Salems Lot and A Death in Canaan.</p><br>
<p>The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pokagon  is a historic church at 61041 Vermont Street in Pokagon Township, Michigan. It is the location of the first performance of the hymn "The Old Rugged Cross." The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The Old Rugged Cross Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Methodist circuit-riders began holding religious services in Pokagon Township in the 1830s. In 1840, a class was organized in Sumnerville. Eventually, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pokagon was organized.</p><br>
<p>In approximately 1862, this building was constructed as a hop barn. In 1876, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pokagon purchased the building and enlarged and remodeled it into a church. A belfry (now gone) was added, as were pointed-head windows, stained glass, and interior pews.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the churchs pastor Rev. Leroy Bostwick invited his friend. the Rev. George Bennard, to Pokagon to assist in a series of revival meetings at the church. At the meeting, the church choir performed Bennards newly penned hymn, "The Old Rugged Cross;" it was the first time the hymn was performed in public. Afterward, the Reverend and Mrs. Bostwick financed the first printing of the "Old Rugged Cross," and it quickly became one of the most popular hymns in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, the congregation purchased the nearby Baptist church, selling this church to John Phillips, who used it as a storage barn. In 2013 the church received a Governor&#39;s Award for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pokagon is a rectangular, two-story vernacular building measuring 90 ft by 28 ft. It has a gable roof and horizontal bevel-edge siding. A gabled entryway projects from the front facade, and pointed-head windows line the sides. Inside, a flat-ceilinged sanctuary takes up most of the space, with a kitchen at the rear. A Sunday school area is located above the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Chapel, also known as Smith Chapel, is a historic chapel located at 29858 Redfield Road in Milton Township . It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The chapel is the oldest known church building in Cass County, and probably the oldest in southwest Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cannon Smith, the son of George and Sophia Cannon Smith, was born in 1782. He settled in this location in 1829 after moving from his previous home in Delaware. In 1831, traveling Methodist circuit preachers established classes at Smith&#39;s home. This led to the organization of the first Methodist church in Milton Township in 1839.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, the congregation hired James Taylor, a carpenter and joiner, to construct this church building at a cost of $1200. Cannon Smith donated the land, and contributed substantially toward the construction of the church. Because of these contributions, the church was named "Smith&#39;s Chapel".</p><br>
<p>The surrounding cemetery grounds were purchased in 1872. In 1879, contractor W. S. Beswick was hired to remodel the church. The church was used regularly until 1967, and in 1972 Milton Township purchased the structure. In 2008, the chapel underwent substantial restoration. As of 2013, the township owned the chapel, with the surrounding cemetery grounds owned by a non-profit organization, Smith Chapel Cemetery Inc. The building was available for rental as a wedding and funeral chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Chapel is a single-story wood frame post-and-beam chapel with clapboard siding and a gable roof on a fieldstone foundation. It measures 40 x, with a hallway 8 ft wide across the front, and a 40 x sanctuary. A gabled entrance is on one end with an oculus above. The sides contain round-arch windows with wooden hood molds. Attached to rear of the chapel is a gable-roof, clapboard-sided privy. Cemetery grounds are located near the chapel, containing primarily stone (and one zinc) monuments.</p><br>
<p>The Clare Congregational Church, also known as the Clare Congregational United Church of Christ, is a church located at 110 West Fifth Street in Clare, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Clare was established in 1870−71. The Rev. Austin H. Norris arrived in 1872, The congregation first met in a school house, but in 1873 work was begun on a small frame church, which was completed in 1874.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the congregation determined that a new church building was required. The original church was moved to the rear of the lot, and in 1908 the church commissioned Saginaw architect William T. Cooper to design the new building. Construction was completed in 1909.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the Clare Congregational Church merged with the United Church of Christ, and the combined congregation was known as the Clare Congregational United Church of Christ. The building was extensively renovated in 1994, and is still used by the congregation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Clare Congregational Church is a red brick building with limestone trim on a concrete foundation, built in a cross-shape with an octagonal dome. Each of the four facades features a limestone beltcourse above the high basement, and broad central area containing three windows flanked by shallow piers with limestone trim. The main entrance to the church is a small hip roof structure located at one corner. The central dome is pierced by stained glass windows. Stained glass in the remainder of the church was originally installed in the earlier 1874 building.</p><br>
<p>A single-story addition was constructed at the rear of the church in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The interior consists of a semi-circular sanctuary, decorated with patterns from European-designed stencils. The church is significant as one of the few in Michigan that reflect the architectural adoption by early twentieth-century Protestants of the Early Christian central plan churches of the 5th and 6th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church is a historic church at 360 East Chicago Street in Jonesville, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is one of the first church buildings constructed in Michigan west of Detroit, and is one of the few surviving examples of indigenous church architecture in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1833, the Episcopal missionary William N. Lyster left Ireland for the United States, and eventually became the restor of a mission in Tecumseh, Michigan. From there, he traveled throughout southern Michigan to minister to isolated communities; in 1836 he helpd the first church service in Jonesville. Two years later, a parish was organized by Darius Barker. In 1844, the congregation began constructing this church; it was completed on November 15, 1848, at a cost of $3,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, an old schoolhouse was moved to the site of the church to serve as a parish hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church is a 1-1/2 story rectangular Greek Revival frame structure covered in clapboard. The building has a single-story projecting entry vestibule, atop which is a square tower which intersects with the main structure. Square pilasters run up each corner of the building, and both the entry projection and the main structure are topped with a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>Gothic double-arched lancet windows line the sides of the building, providing the building with a somewhat rare mix of Greek Revival and Gothic styles. Similar single-arched windows are on each side of the entry vestibule.</p><br>
<p>Black walnut paneling lined the interior, and the pews are constructed of the same wood.</p><br>
<p>Sherman City Union Church is a historic church at 11429 West Vernon Road in Sherman City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Sherman City was first settled in 1866. In 1869, a small log store was erected in what is now Sherman City, and the settlement itself was platted in 1870. John T. Cahoon built the first of several sawmills in the area in 1879, and the population boomed as the increase in local lumber trade increased. A tornado in 1878 destroyed much of the town, but by the next year it had been substantially rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The Sherman City Union Church was built in 1885 by William L. Shupe as a meeting hall for the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Post 77. In 1898, the building was moved to the present site, and renovations began to outfit it as a nondenominational church. By 1904, renovations were complete, and the building was in service for regular services by multiple denominations. The church was also used for holiday services, weddings and funerals, and nonreligious social activities such as quilting bees and ice cream socials.</p><br>
<p>However, lumbering declined in the early 1900s, and the town began declining along with it. Other commercial and social structures in the town were torn down one by one. The church itself was in use sporadically until at least 1956, but was finally abandoned in about 1960. The church and a scattering of houses are all that remain of Sherman City.</p><br>
<p>However, in 1977-78 the church was rescued and refurbished by local citizens. The cedar roof was reshingled, neew windows were installed, and new clapboard siding was attached. The belfry was reconstructed, and the interior cleaned and pews replaced.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sherman City Union Church is a 1-1/2 story frame structure covered with clapboard. A two-story tower, located in the center of the front facade, has a pyramidal belfry with open sides. The entrance is at the base of the tower, through a set of double doors below a transom. A large semicircular lunette is set above the doors. The sides of the church have unusual triangular topped narrow windows.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, vertical boards cover the walls and pressed tin covers the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at 206 W. Maple Street in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. It was built in 1882 and added to the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Introductory Material</h2><br>
<p>St. John’s Episcopal Church is a member of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan and the Episcopal Church (United States). Originally begun as a mission in 1876, the church was built in 1882. It is the oldest existing Mount Pleasant church building that is still used for worship today.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Known locally as “the church with the red doors,” St. John’s was initially established as a mission church in 1876 by circuit riders. The church’s cornerstone was laid in 1882. All the building materials for the church were donated by local businessman William N. Brown, with the bricks made at his own yard, lumber from his sawmill, and the excavation and finishing work completed by his employees. St. John’s is the oldest surviving active place of worship in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. The Rt. Rev. George De Normandie Gillespie, first Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan, consecrated the church on January 10, 1884. In 1996, the church building underwent extensive restoration and renovations, much of which was completed by parishioners.</p><br>
<h2>Building Description</h2><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is a single story, white-painted brick building with a steep gable roof, measuring 92 feet by 32 feet. The shed roofed front entryway projects from the facade of the church, and is reached via a staircase. The interior is reached through a pair of entry doors with sharp points. The two sides of the church contain English Gothic recessed stained glass windows spaced at regular intervals.</p><br>
<p>The church interior was modeled on the Riding House at Bolsover Castle in Bolsover, England. The floor is wood and tongue-in-groove wainscoting lines the walls. The vaulted ceiling has heavy wood beams. All liturgical appointments, including the pulpit, lectern, altar, and altar rail, are made of maple.</p><br>
<h2>Historical Marker</h2><br>
<p>St. John’s was registered with the State of Michigan&#39;s Historical Marker Program and received a historical marker in 1972, and was placed on the National Historic Register in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Women’s Guild</h2><br>
<p>The Women’s Guild at St. John’s, originally called the Ladies’ Guild, existed from 1886 to 1974. The Women’s Guild was largely responsible for keeping the church going during rough times and paying the bills.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Priests</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. John H. Rippey, M.D., served as acting rector of several churches on a circuit, including St. John’s from 1887 through 1910. His work at the church, and the lives of parishioners are documented in a journal and parish registry book, 1887-1911, and three scrapbooks, 1874-1935, and undated, as well as in two handwritten services from July 1908.</p><br>
<p>Rev. John H. Goodrow served as rector at St. John’s from 1962 until his sudden death in 1985. Rev. Goodrow was very aware of those in need in the community and privately assisted many through the help of wealthier friends in the local oil community. During his tenure, he strongly supported "Food with Friends," a Commission on Aging program providing nightly meals in the parish hall, and he was also responsible for many other community outreach initiatives, including the St. John’s Emergency Food Program.”</p><br>
<p>The Goodrow Fund at St. John’s was established and named in his honor (in 1986?). The Fund’s intent is “to provide emergency assistance, including food, shelter, clothing, medicine, gasoline, or other support. This fund maintains a particular interest in serving the special needs of community members... not met or fulfilled by other community resources.” Because of its community outreach via the Goodrow Fund, St. John’s was recognized by the Episcopal Church (United States) as a Jubilee Ministry, or a ministry which “engages congregations in the important work of empowering people to change their lives.”</p><br>
<h2>Music Program</h2><br>
<p>St. John’s has for many years had a music program. The choir and organist perform early plainsong to modern pieces, some particularly commissioned for the church. Currently the church funds four choral students from Central Michigan University’s School of Music who sing with the choir. Over time, choirs have included a men and boys’ choir various children’s choirs, and a mixed adult choir.</p><br>
<h2>Organ</h2><br>
<p>Since 1972 the church has had a Gabriel Kney tracker pipe organ.</p><br>
<h2>The Center for Christian Spirituality</h2><br>
<p>The Center for Christian Spirituality was established at St. John’s in 2008 for the purpose of helping people develop a deeper relationship with God. Various workshops and presentations sponsored and arranged included quiet days for laity and clergy, Celtic Christianity, Aging and Spirituality, Native American spirituality, Spirituality and Work, and a study of Handel’s Messiah, among others.</p><br>
<p>Lake Shore Chapel is a historic chapel on Shorewood Road at the junction with Campbell Road in Douglas, Michigan. It was built in 1904 and added to the National Register in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1896, a summer cottage colony was established near this location by D. O. Barto and William Angus Douglass of Oak Park, Illinois. They purchased lots, built cottages, and were followed by other residents of Oak Park - particularly those from the First Presbyterian Church there - followed suit. In 1897, Professor Lucius E. Sayre of the University of Kansas also established a cottage nearby, and several other university families did the same. In 1899, a small group of people both from both the Oak Park church and the University of Kansas purchased 500 feet of shoreline and christened it "the Knolls." In 101, a larger group purchased and platted one quarter mile of lake frontage just north of the Knolls as "Shorewood." These early cottagers organized their own Sunday school in 1900, and in 1903 decided to construct a chapel.</p><br>
<p>Property was donated for the chapel, and plans obtained from Atlanta architect Harry L. Walker. The chapel was substantially built over the spring of 1904 by Grand Rapids contractor J. B. Ackerman, and the first Sunday school class met in the building in early July. Final details took a short while longer, and a permanent Lake Shore Chapel organization was founded in August.</p><br>
<p>A bell tower was constructed in 1925. Although the chapel was originally designed to house both adult worshipers and Sunday school, it was not a satisfactory arrangement due to noise. In 1947/48, the congregation built a separate Sunday school building, designed by Saugatuck architect Carl Hoerman to closely match the original chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Shore Chapel is a simple one-story hip-roof wood-frame chapel building, measuring approximately 51 feet by 31 feet. The building is L-shaped, with large entrance doors in the angle of the L. The building is clad with clapboards and contains large casement windows. A cupola is located on the asphalt-shingled roof. The interior of the chapel has unfinished walls and a ceiling covered with narrow boarding.</p><br>
<p>A small freestanding bell tower and a separate Children&#39;s Chapel, matching in style and construction, are located nearby.</p><br>
<p>Old Wing Mission  is a historic building at 5298 147th Ave. in Holland, Michigan. It is the oldest surviving house in the township.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1839, Rev. George Smith, a Vermont native, established Christian mission to the local Ottawas at this site. The mission was funded by the Presbyterian Church of Michigan through an Allegan-based Indian mission society. Smith originally built a log cabin for his family near this site. In 1844, local settler Isaac Fairbanks began the construction of this house for Smith. Smith&#39;s family moved into the house in 1846.</p><br>
<p>In 1848 Michigan suffered from a smallpox epidemic that affected the entire community of people. In consideration of the massive influx settlers into the Ottawa County area, Chief Peter Waukazoo and Reverend George Smith decided to move the community as well as the Holland-area Ottawa Mission from Holland up to Northport (on the Leelanau Peninsula) using boats and canoes. Smith abandoned this house; it was purchased a few years later by Isaac Fairbanks. Fairbanks eventually moved into a brick house nearby, and in 1886, Isaac&#39;s oldest son, Albert Fairbanks, moved into the place and added a wing onto the house. He added a second wing in about 1914. Albert lived here until his death in 1914. His son Austin lived here until his own death in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The house was then sold to Andrew Vinstra, who modernized the interior. The house was eventually used as a bed and breakfast, known as the Old Wing Inn. The mission building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and is currently surrounded by industrial developments. Robert and Carole Pavloski purchased the house in 2003, and as of November 2011 the building was listed for sale.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Wing Mission is a 1-1/2 story end-gable Greek Revival structure, with single-story additions on three sides. The original house is rectangular, measuring 24 feet by 30 feet, clad with clapboards and having plain cornerboards and above a cornice with returns.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the original house contained a parlor, bedroom, and kitchen on the first floor and three bedrooms on the second floor. With the c. 1886 addition, the kitchen was turned into a dining room, and the addition housed the new kitchen, a living room, and another bedroom. The 1903 addition houses an office and utility room, and allowed expansion of the dining room. In 1953, the 1886 addition was turned into a separate apartment.</p><br>
<p>South Berrien Center Union Church and Cemetery is a historic church and cemetery at 10408 M-140 in Berrien Township, Michigan. It was built in 1858 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Berrien Township was first settled by Europeans in 1827, and by the 1850s there were nearly 1000 residents. Berrien Center was established in 1857 as the site of the township&#39;s only post office. That same year, a union church organization, known as the "Union Church District," was founded by local residents for the purpose of establishing a permanent cemetery and construct a church accessible to multiple Protestant denominations. The organization purchased two acres of land at this site, and contracted with H.W. Rugg of Niles to construct a church. The church was dedicated in July 1858. Additional acreage for the cemetery was purchased in 1869, and by the end of the 19th century the grounds had expanded to the current 5.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The church served a number of denominations, including the Methodist Episcopal society, Dunkards, and the Berrien Centre Free Will Baptist Church. The Union Church Aid Society was founded in 1891 to maintain the church, and has been responsible for the building since that time. However, the various congregations dissolved or joined other churches, and the last regular service held in the church was around 1919. However, repairs and renovations have been made to the church, including new pews in 1916, new concrete front steps in 1925, and the addition of electricity in 1956. Today the Union Church Aid Society still maintains the church building, and Berrien Township has assumed management and maintenance of the cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Union Church is a wooden Greek Revival structure on a rubble foundation measuring 52 feet by 36 feet. The church is covered with clapboard and has a gabled roof with classical cornices with returns and is topped with a square open plan belfry. A flight of concrete steps leads to the front center entrance, which is a pair of double doors flanked by pilasters. A second entry at grade level is at the rear. The church has seven double hing windows (two in front, three on one side and two on the other).</p><br>
<p>On the interior, there is a vestibule near the entrance and a main auditorium with plaster walls and wooden flooring. The auditorium has two rows of pews, with additional hinged seating built into the side walls. In front is a pulpit in a raised floor.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery grounds are laid out in rectangular form, with three lanes providing access. Maple and blue spruce trees are planted in the cemetery. Monuments in the cemetery date from the latter half of the 19th century through the 20th century, and include predominantly marble and granite monuments, but also a few concrete and bronze ones.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 52 Marshall Street in Coldwater, Michigan. Built 1866–1869, it is a Michigan State Historic Site  and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church was organized in 1837, the year Coldwater was incorporated as a village. The group did not have permanent facilities until the erection of its first church building in 1844. Construction of the current historic structure began in 1866 and finished in 1869. John C. Bennett served as contractor, and the building cost $40,104. Around the time of its construction, the church had the largest seating capacity of any building in Coldwater, and so was often used as a public auditorium. Notable speakers included Sojourner Truth in 1877 and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.</p><br>
<p>From 1958 through 1959, a two-story addition was built for an educational role. The steeple was reconstructed in 2004, funded by community donations.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed in the Romanesque Revival style, and is the largest such church in Branch County. The red brick building is rectangular with a gable roof and a projecting, centrally aligned tower. A sandstone belt course divides the largely-above-ground basement from the sanctuary. The steeple, which stands 185 ft tall, is a major landmark in Coldwater and is one of the tallest in southern Michigan. It is covered with white shingles and features two sets of narrow gabled dormers. The belfry houses a bell manufactured in 1853 by the Meneely Bell Foundry of West Troy, New York. The sanctuary&#39;s stained and painted glass windows were installed in 1868, created by George A. Misch and Brothers of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Central Methodist Episcopal Church  is a historic church at 111 E. Spruce Street in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Methodist missionaries arrived in Sault Ste. Marie in 1833. Clarke soon travelled on to the Keweenaw Peninsula, and was succeeded by Rev. W. H. Brockway. Brockway was succeeded in 1843 by Rev. John H. Pitzel, ho stayed in the area until 1860. The mission was closed in 1864. Methodism essentially disappeared in the Sault until 1873, when Rev. Isaac Johnson was appointed to the area. Johnson formally established a Methodist congregation that year.</p><br>
<p>The first church building, only 20 ft by 40 ft, was soon constructed on Portage Avenue. It was eventually moved to the site of the present church on Spruce. However, the congregation continued to grow, and the small church building underwent several expansions, including a large addition to the rear of the structure.</p><br>
<p>Still, by 1890, it was apparent that the congregation needed additional space, and it was determined that a new building was required. It was felt that the then-new church built in Owosso was of excellent design, and the Sault Ste. Marie congregation therefore hired the architect, Dillon P. Clark of Bay City, to design the new church. The original church was moved to the other side of Spruce Street, where it still stands, and construction of the new church began in 1892. The church was dedicated on July 1, 1894.</p><br>
<p>Three fires have occurred in the church. The first was in 1904, and completely destroyed the interior which had been refurbished the year before. A second, smaller fire occurred in 1934. A third fire occurred in 1941 during a World War II blackout. The interior of the church was again heavily damaged in this fire. However, despite interior damage, the exterior of the church remains almost unchanged from the original appearance.</p><br>
<p>Extensive repairs were made to the church in the mid-1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sault Ste. Marie Central United Methodist Church is a multi-story Richardsonian Romanesque structure constructed of red sandstone discarded after an earlier, failed, attempt to construct a canal. with a broad roof and smaller gables attached to the main structure. The structure measures 75 ft by 108 ft, and with three balconies can seat 1200 people. A large square tower with pyramidal roof is located in one corner; the tower contains unique arched windows on the first story and tall louvered windows on the upper levels. A circular turret with arched detail underneath its eaves is located on the opposite corner of the south facade. Between the tower and turret, small doorways on each side of a central pavilion are used to enter the church. The east facade includes a large set of stained glass in round head windows. A dark red stone beltcourse encircles the building. A two-story annex of modern design is attached in the rear.</p><br>
<p>First United Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 309 Lyon Street in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The original church building was constructed in 1902 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. That building was destroyed by fire in 2000 and rebuilt 2002. As of 2012, the congregation is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The first Presbyterian presence in Sault Ste. Marie came in 1823, when divinity student Robert McMurtrie Laird was assigned to minister to the troops stationed at Fort Brady. Laird, however, was unhappy with the area and ill-suited for his responsibilities, and left in early 1824. There Porter founded the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, and ministered to that congregation for he rest of his life. However, when Porter left Sault Ste. Marie, the congregation there withered.</p><br>
<p>Finally, in 1853, Charles T. Harvey of the St. Mary&#39;s Fall Ship Canal Company revived the church and requested a new pastor. Rev. William McCullough was assigned to minister to the Sault, and in 1854 a new church was constructed and the congregation was formally organized, making it the first such church in the Upper Peninsula. However, McCullough soon contacted pneumonia and died, leaving the congregation once more without a pastor. The congregation dwindled yet again, until in 1860 there were only six members.</p><br>
<p>In 1864, however, the congregation hired Rev. Thomas R. Easterday. Easterday was considered quite liberal, and the church grew quickly under his leadership, growing to around 200 people. In about 1872, the congregation rebuilt the church. However, in 1882, Easterday suffered a stroke and retired from active ministry, although he lived and participated in the community until his death in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The church went through a series of pastors over the next few years, with Alexander P. Danskin serving from 1882–1886, Rev. Harlan Page Corey serving from 1886–1890, Rev. George W. Luther serving from 1890–1894, and C.P. Bates serving from 1894 - 1901. During the early 1890s, the congregation bought a parcel of land, where the present church now stands, with the intention of erecting a new building in which to worship, the fourth such for the congregation.</p><br>
<p>Rev. James A. Kennedy served the church from 1902 to 1912. Preliminary work on the church building, including obtaining a design from architect Edward Demar, had already been completed. In August 1902, only four months after his arrival, Kennedy laid the cornerstone of the church. Construction was completed, and the building dedicated, on Easter Sunday 1903.</p><br>
<h2>1903 building description</h2><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church was a Romanesque Revival structure built of Jacobsville Sandstone. The main structure had a hip roof with two square towers with pyramid roofs, each containing entrances on their bases. A metal cornice topped each tower. The structure had a metal roof painted green to mimic tile. A wooden belt course ran across the front facade, and modern brick stairs approached the entryways. Inside the church, the gallery was shaped like a horseshoe, and the auditorium had a central pulpit with a choir area and organ behind. A 1957-58 educational wing was attached to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>Rev. Robert A. Bartlett took over from Kennedy, and served the congregation from 1912 - 1919. Rev. R. Stanley Brown served from 1919–1925, Dr. John VerStraate served from 1925–1949, and Rev. David McClean served from 1949 - 1959. During his tenure an educational wing was constructed and new steps added to the church. Dr. Joseph Blackburn served from 1960–1971, Dr. James D. Lyman served from 1972–1981, Rev. John Kipp served from 1981–1987, and Rev. David Henderson served from 1988 - 2008.</p><br>
<p>However, on Sunday, May 7, 2000, the church building caught fire and burned to the ground. The fire likely originated from faulty electrical wire. Only a few items from the 1903 church were salvageable, including official church records, some of the dishes and silver, some of the stained glass windows, and some furniture, including a pew originally installed in the 1854 church.</p><br>
<p>Although insurenace did not cover the cost of a new building, a decision was made to rebuild. A new church was constructed to replace the 1903 structure, located on the same site. Ground was broken on July 22, 2001; the cornerstone was laid September 30, 2002, and the first service was held in the structure August 10, 2003.</p><br>
<p>After Rev. David Henderson retired in 2008, Dr. Richard Bates became the interim pastor, and in 2010 Rev. Mark Gabbard was installed as a permanent pastor. The church continues to serve Sault Ste. Marie.</p><br>
<p>Saint James&#39; Episcopal Church is a historic church at 533 Bingham Avenue in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1832, an Episcopal mission was established in Sault Ste. Marie. The mission was in existence for only a few years until it was discontinued. In 1880, the Rt. Rev. S. S. Harris, Bishop of Michigan, visited the city and arranged for the commencement of Episcopal services. A mission was established later that year, and a perrmanent church building opened in late 1881. By 1885, the congregation had grown enough to be incorporated as a parish. The congregation continued growing, and soon the original church proved inadequate and plans were made to construct a new building.</p><br>
<p>The current St. James&#39; Episcopal Church was built in 1902-03 during a boom in canal building in Sault Ste Marie. The construction of the church left the congregation heavily in debt, and the cost of building the church was not paid off until 1919. The church itself was consecrated on April 17, 1919.</p><br>
<p>A new organ was installed in 1926. In 1952, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the building, the church was extensively refurbished. The church is still used by the congregation as of 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. James&#39; Episcopal Church is a Late Gothic Revival structure built in a cruciform plan. A square tower sits at one front corner. The exterior walls are constructed of red-brown sandstone with red sandstone trim. Groups of three arched windows are located in the clerestories The street front and trancepts each contain a large Gothic-arched window.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains hammered ceiling beams and hand carved figures of the four Evangelists on the rerodos. The church also contains four Tiffany stained glass windows; the west window, featuring the apostles, is the thirs largest stained glass window in the state.</p><br>
<p>Saint Ignatius Church and Cemetery is a historic church and cemetery at 101 N. Lamkin Road in Good Hart, Michigan, USA. The church was added to the Michigan Historical Register in 1976 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around what is now Good Hart has been an Odawa village (formerly known as Wa-Ga-Nak-A-Sa or Middle Village) since at least the 1700s. In 1741, a Roman Catholic chapel was established at this location in a bark longhouse. The first structure was replaced by a more substantial version, dedicated by Father Frederic Baraga, in 1833. That church was destroyed by fire on Easter Sunday, April 21, 1889.</p><br>
<p>Construction immediately began on the current church as a replacement. Father Servatius Altmicks from Harbor Springs hired a local carpenter to manage the construction, and much of the work was done by the local Odawa. The new church was dedicated by Rt. Reverend Bishop Richter on September 13, 1889.</p><br>
<p>The church has undergone a substantial restoration and is open to the public for Sunday mass in July and August, and for weddings and funerals. It is one of the four churches making up the Catholic community of L&#39;Arbre Croche.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Saint Ignatius Church is a white-painted wooden structure covered with clapboard, with a tall wooden steeple. Adjacent to the church is the Middle Village Cemetery, which contains rows of white crosses marking gravesites.</p><br>
<p>The historic building located at 224 Michigan Street in Petoskey, Michigan was originally a place of worship owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was originally built in 1891 as a Seventh-day Adventist church. The Adventist congregation occupied the building for many years; it was later sold to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The building now houses the S. Garrett Beck Law Offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic site is a two-story frame Queen Anne structure with a front-gable roof. A single-story wing is attached to the rear of the building. The front facade has a large, elaborate window treatment. The first floor is sheathed with narrow clapboard, while the gable above is sheathed with wood singles. The building has an entrance tower at one end topped with an onion-like dome. The entrance itself is through a horseshoe-shaped surround in the base of the tower.</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Solanus Mission is a historic mission on W. Lake Street in Petoskey, Michigan. It is the only existing building in the Arbre Croche district dating from the time of Bishop Frederic Baraga, and is the oldest building still standing in Petoskey, as well as one of the oldest in northern lower Michigan. The mission was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1856, Father Lawrence Lautishar attempted to construct a church near this site, but ran into resistance from Protestant missionaries who settled in the area in 1852. Bishop Frederic Baraga requested Lautishar halt construction, and in 1858, Baraga and Indian agent A.W. Fitch effected a compromise between the factions and a site farther from the Protestant mission was agreed upon. In 1859, a carpenter, Jean Baptiste Trotochard, donated an acre of land on which to locate the mission church. Baraga accepted the offer and engaged Trotochard to construct a church. The new church was blessed by Bishop Baraga on July 23, 1860.</p><br>
<p>Petoskey&#39;s St. Francis Xavier Church oversees the Solanus property. The church was completely restored in 2008. It is open on select Sundays during the tourist season, and a Mass is celebrated annually in the church on July 14th.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Francis Solanus Mission is a small frame gable roofed church measuring 30 feet by 20 feet. Two six-over-six windows are located on each side of the church. An extension on the front contains a skeletal bell tower topped with a Latin cross, and an enclosed entryway with a shed roof. A picket fence surrounds the mission.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church is simple, containing four-inch-wide board seats without backs.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Evangelical Church  is a historic church located at 219 State Street in Petoskey, Michigan. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Trinity Evangelical Church was founded in 1878, and the congregation first met in private homes. Two years later, they constructed a church at the corner of Howard and Grove St. They later sold this building, and for a time held services in the Seventh Day Adventist Church. The Trinity Evangelical congregation constructed this church in 1929. The congregation later changed its name to the Trinity Missionary Church.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017, the building houses the New Life Anglican Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Trinity Evangelical Church is a 2-1/2 story Classical Revival brick structure with a single story polygonal entrance and a gable roof. The front facade has a central projecting feature containing a large multi-paned window in a round arch, and topped with four blind archways. This feature is repeated on the side facades. Additional windows along the side are multi-paned rectangular units.</p><br>
<p>Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church  is a historic church located at 810 Petoskey Street in Petoskey, Michigan. It added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church was erected 1892 for the Zion Evangelical Church congregation. The congregation used the church until 1949, when they moved to a new church structure located on US Highway 131. In 1951, the Petoskey Mennonite Church purchased the building; the congregation later changed its name to the Hilltop Mennonite Fellowship. The Mennonite congregation used the building until 2015, when the congregation closed. The building was then purchased by the Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Petoskey, who began using it in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church is a one-story Late Victorian frame structure with some Gothic Revival elements. The building has a front gable roof and a rectangular tower with a peaked polygonal cap. It has eight-pane rectangular windows with corniced heads set in to the side walls. A gabled entryway addition is at the rear of one side wall.</p><br>
<p>The Redstone Coke Oven Historic District is located at the intersection of State Highway 133 and Chair Mountain Stables Road outside Redstone, Colorado, United States. It consists of the remaining coke ovens built at the end of the 19th century by the Colorado Fuel and Iron. In 1990 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Two hundred were built because the coal in the surrounding mountains was ideal for refining into coke. At their peak they were producing almost 6 million tons a year. The development was the beginning of the modern settlement of Redstone. There are very few coke ovens of their type remaining in the West; the ovens are themselves the only remnant of the sizable coking operation in the area, the largest at the time in Colorado.</p><br>
<p>Within ten years of their construction the ovens fell into disuse when the mines closed. Their support steel was removed during the scrap metal drives of World War II, and later they were used as living space by hippies who moved into Redstone. The possibility that some might be demolished to build a gas station eventually led Pitkin County to acquire the land in the mid-2000s, and since then some have been restored.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The remaining 90 coke ovens are arranged in a 600-foot–long (600 ft) arc over a 4 acre area along the west side of Highway 133 south of Coal Creek just opposite where Redstone Boulevard crosses the Crystal River into downtown Redstone. There is a small parking area and interpretive plaque, the only contributing resource in the district other than the ovens. In the middle is a gate leading to the current facility of Mid-Continent Coal & Coke, which now owns the property.</p><br>
<p>Most of the structures are freestanding beehive ovens made of stone, their rounded tops covered with hardened brown earth. Some retain their original integrity; many have decayed visibly over the years. Four have been restored to their original appearance. A set in the middle, just north of the parking area and entrance, is within a stone retaining wall added in the mid-20th century (due to this, neither it nor the ovens it protects are considered to be contributing to the historic district). Wooden guardrails and fences keep visitors from getting too close.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the coke ovens is the history of Redstone. They went online during the town&#39;s peak period of population, and were shut down less than a decade later, never to be used again. They were left to decay throughout much of the rest of the century, as Redstone itself nearly became a ghost town. A century after their construction, as the village turned around, they were restored as a historic attraction.</p><br>
<h3>1700s–1860: European settlement of the Crystal River Valley</h3><br>
<p>The isolation of the Crystal Valley allowed the native Ute people to avoid contact with European colonists until they encountered the Spanish in the late 18th century. By the 1830s, traders and fur trappers were working in the region. The Astor family began supporting the latter during the next decade, and John C. Frémont led the first American expedition to the valley in 1843, returning two years later.</p><br>
<p>Prospectors looking for gold in 1860 were disappointed, but named the 12,965 ft Mount Sopris that dominates the valley after their leader. After the American Civil War, the federal government concluded treaties with the Utes and otherwise began to encourage settlement in the region, that its rich mineral resources might be exploited. The surveys of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden in 1873 gave names to many other mountains and streams in the region and suggested the Crystal Valley might well be rich in coal.</p><br>
<h3>1880–1900: Early mine development</h3><br>
<p>Silver and lead strikes led to the establishment of now-abandoned settlements like Crystal and Schofield further up the valley, along the river&#39;s upper forks in what is now Gunnison County. In 1880 the Ute ceded the area to European settlement, in preparation for their relocation to reservations elsewhere in Colorado and Utah the following year. Prospectors swarmed into the area, looking for all types of mineral deposits.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, one of them, John Cleveland Osgood, was sent by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CBQRR), which bought some of its coal from his employer, the White Breast Coal Company. His visit was part of a general survey of the states coal resources, and he found them desirable enough that he set up the Colorado Fuel Company the following year to supply the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad, a CBQRR subsidiary, with coal. He had also found the Crystal River Valleys deposits ideal for coking, and bought land there.</p><br>
<p>Four years later he and his associates at Colorado Fuel set up both a toll road company and a railroad to make the valley accessible. Some surveying was done over the next two years, but no construction began. In 1888 the rival Colorado Coal and Iron Company built the Aspen and Western Railway to Willow Park, west of Carbondale, to exploit coal deposits there. The coal was found to be poor quality, so plans for a coking facility there were canceled and the rail line abandoned the next year. Similarly, another rail line along the Crystal was surveyed and graded, but no actual tracks were ever laid.</p><br>
<p>Afterwards, another Colorado Fuel subsidiary, Elk Mountain Fuel, was formed to buy land near the present site of Redstone in the area known as Coal Basin. It eventually merged with the parent, and in 1892 Colorado Fuel and its rival Colorado Coal and Iron merged to become Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I), controlling two-thirds of the state&#39;s coal mining and becoming the largest coal company in the West, headed by Osgood. The combined company was finally in a position to realize the transportation plans made over the past decade.</p><br>
<p>Osgood planned to build a mining town, Coalbasin, high up the Coal Creek valley, where coal desirable for coking due to its purity and low ash content was abundant. From there a narrow gauge railway would descend 12 mi and 2,200 ft to Redstone on the river, where coal could be both coked and transferred to standard gauge cars bound for Carbondale and other destinations via the Denver and Rio Grande Western and Colorado Midland. The Panic of 1893 delayed those plans, due to the failure of many of the state&#39;s banks and the ensuing difficulty in finding financing, to the end of the decade.</p><br>
<h3>1900–1925: Peak mining years and collapse</h3><br>
<p>By the end of 1899 249 ovens, the largest coking facility in the state, had been built by contractors from Denver. as a planned community so that workers would have quality housing, frequently an issue in strikes of the era. Further up the valley, he built an estate he called Cleveholm but would later be known as Osgood Castle.</p><br>
<p>The large work force was often restive, and their strikes hobbled CF&I at a time when it was making major investments in its Pueblo steel plant. Osgood turned to Eastern investors for help; by 1903 interests indirectly controlled by George Gould and John D. Rockefeller had gained control of CF&I. Osgood started the Victor American Fuel Company, which soon became CF&I&#39;s biggest competitor.</p><br>
<p>CF&Is Pueblo plant became the states largest coke buyer by the end of the decade. It was unprofitable to ship the fuel there from the Crystal River Valley, and by 1909 all mining and coking operations ended. Redstone was abandoned, with only a few residents remaining. Osgood, who had largely retreated to New York City, returned to his estate in 1924 to attempt to redevelop the area as a resort. He died the following year, and his wife Lucille completed transforming the estate into a hotel. However, it failed due to the onset of the Great Depression shortly afterwards.</p><br>
<h3>1926–present: Neglect and restoration</h3><br>
<p>At the outset of World War II, the communitys population was down to 14. During the war the ovens steel supports were removed during the scrap metal drives, leaving them vulnerable to structural decay. In 1953, some of the ovens near the center of the group were stabilized with a stone retaining wall, when another company, Mid-Continent, began working the coal seams in the creek valley again.</p><br>
<p>The other ovens suffered some decay, but were still structurally sound enough to avoid collapse. In the late 1960s and early 1970s many of the young hippies and other countercultural youth of the time were drawn to the Colorado mountains, among other places, where they believed they could live lives closer to nature. Many came to Pitkin County to settle in its seat, Aspen, but some found the smaller and quieter Redstone more desirable instead. Some used the ovens as short- or long-term living quarters.</p><br>
<p>Eventually the hippies left or settled in more traditional housing. Residents continued to pillage brick and stone from the ovens for occasional small jobs, even after they were listed on the Register. While none collapsed, a real threat emerged at the end of the 20th century, when Mid-Continent went bankrupt. As part of the division of its assets, it was proposed that a convenience store and gas station be built in the middle of the ovens, since the only one that had been on the 60-mile (100 km) stretch of Highway 133 between Carbondale and Paonia had closed.</p><br>
<p>Residents, led by a member of the local historical society who called the ovens "the soul of Redstone", began working to save them. Initially, a state grant would have covered the cost, but it would have required an expansion of the historic district, which the landowner did not as they would not be able to further develop the site if the deal collapsed. As property values in the area increased in the early 21st century, the grant no longer would have covered the costs.</p><br>
<p>The historical society needed someone to loan them the purchase price without any term or guarantee of repayment. In 2003, the Aspen Valley Land Trust was able to acquire the property under these conditions. A year later, it sold it at cost to the historical society, which then transferred the land to the county. It made up the difference between the $290,000 purchase price and the original state grant, and the 14 acre including the ovens was finally protected.</p><br>
<p>Later in the decade, the county began funding restoration efforts. The plan by the Aspen landscape architecture firm Bluegreen called for rebuilding part of the original wharf used to load and unload the ovens from adjacent railcars. In 2009 it won an Honor Award for Research and Communication from the Colorado chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects.</p><br>
<p>Work commenced in 2011 once the county had managed to procure the $800,000 required from a variety of state and federal sources. To stabilize the ovens, all vegetation around them will be removed and the masonry retaining wall partially rebuilt (although the ovens behind them will not be restored, as they were substantially altered when the wall was built). Four of the others will be restored to their original form, to the point that they could actually be used for coking again save for the mortar being insufficiently heat-resistant. Another 56 will be stabilized without any reconstruction, and the remnant will be left as is to show the effects of time&#39;s passage. Workers have found some relics of possible archeological interest inside the ovens, such as a pickaxe blade, though it is not known whether they came from the original mining era or the hippie years.</p><br>
<p>The Indian Mission, now the Luckhard Museum, is a historic Native American Christian mission located at 590 East Bay Street in Sebewaing, Michigan. It was built in 1849 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John J. Auch was born in 1817 in Wurtemburg, Germany, and emigrated tho the United States with his parents in 1836. He studied theology, and in 1845 arrived in what is now Sebewaing as a missionary to the local Ojibwe tribe. Upon arrival, Auch constructed a log house at a site just north of Sebewaing. This proved inadequate, so in 1846 he purchased lumber from Bay City, ferried it to Sebewaing, and began constructing this mission house. The house as dedicated in 1849, and Auch used it as a combination mission and home for the next five years.</p><br>
<p>After Auch moved on, the building was alternately occupied and abandoned over the course of decades. In 1954, C.F. Luckhard purchased the building and extensively restored it. Luckhard moved the structure to its present location, and used it to display his collection of pioneer-era artifacts. Luckhard also constructed a replica of the first log house build by Auch near the mission.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Indian Mission is a one-and-a-half story rectangular frame building with a gabled roof on a low stone foundation. The building has box cornices and two brick chimneys within the walls. The windows are double-hung sash units, six over six. Adjoining the mission is a concrete structure, cast in the shape of a log building, as a replica of the first chapel built in Sebewaing in 1845.</p><br>
<p>The First Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as the ed Church, is a historic church located at at 4451 Second Street in Port Hope, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Methodist Episcopal Church in Port Hope was established in August, 1858 by a circuit-riding preacher. The congregation constructed this church building for a place to worship in 1880-82. Although the names of the architect and carpenter are not known, it is known that John Geltz and John Crew did the masonry and plastering work. The building served the local Methodist congregation until 1936, when they merged with the local Presbyterian congregation. After this, the building was used for local gatherings and rented out for weddings and other events.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Red Church is an L-shaped, gable-roof, frame structure located at the intersection of Second and School Streets. The church measures 60 feet by 38 feet, and has an asymmetrical front facade, with a tower at the front corner nearest the intersection. The exterior is clad in vertical board and batten siding, with the exception of the front of the tower and front wall of the sanctuary below the gable, where the siding consists of horizontal boarding. The church is nominally Gothic in style, with a steeply pitched roof and Gothic arched head openings for the door and windows. The interior contains a small vestibule in the tower base, with the sanctuary behind. Two sets of folding doors connect the sanctuary to the adjacent lecture room. Only a few pews remain int the sanctuary, but the original interior surface treatments remain, including matched board dados and ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Grove Hill New Mission Church  is a historic church located at 5098 North West Bay Shore  in Omena, Michigan. It was constructed in 1858, designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1839, the Presbyterian Board of Missions sent the Reverend Peter Dougherty to the Grand Traverse area. He founded a mission located at what is now called Old Mission, Michigan. He organized a church, including both European and Native Americans, in 1843. In 1852, Dougherty and his mission moved to what is now Omena, establishing a "New Mission" there and constructing a mission and boarding school. In 1858, Dougherty commissioned three local carpenters to build this church, based on traditional New England church design. The church was used by the congregation until 1871, when financial difficulties forced the mission to close.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, the church was re-opened as a Congregationalist church. Since 1925, it has been used primarily in the summer months. It is still used as the Omena Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Grove Hill New Mission Church is a rectangular frame front-gable structure sided with white clapboard. The roof is covered with shingles, and is capped with a square steeple. It measures approximately 35 ft by 48 ft, and has a shed-roofed addition at the rear. The front entrance is covered with a triangular pediment supported by two pillars.</p><br>
<p>Saint Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a church located at 5899 County Road 669 near Maple City, Michigan and east of Glen Arbor, Michigan. It was constructed in 1884 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1853, a group of Bohemian immigrants resettled from Chicago to the area near Good Harbor Bay. The Catholic community were served by itinerant missionary priests several times a year, holding mass in private homes. One of these itinerant priests was Ignatius Mrak, who had established a mission nearby at Peshawbestown. Mrak went on to become Bishop of Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette, succeeding Frederic Baraga. Mrak resigned his post in 1878, and in 1884 returned to the Bohemian community and established a church-building committee. Construction of the church began that year, but the building was not completed until 1886, and was consecrated by Bishop Henry Richter of the newly formed Diocese of Grand Rapids in 1888.</p><br>
<p>The church remained a mission church throughout its life, never having a resident priest. It was, and still is, the only church in the relatively unpopulated Cleveland Township. A tower and bell were added in 1899, and small additions to the rear were constructed in the 1940s. In 1951, St. Josephs became a mission of Saint Ritas in nearby Maple City. Saint Josephs was used by the Catholic congregation until 1970, when the Saint Joseph parish was merged with Staint Ritas.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Joseph Catholic Church is a vernacular wood frame building, covered with clapboards, with a metal-clad gable roof and on a concrete block foundation. A three-part tower, defined by sawtooth-cut, vertical-board frieze bands, is located in the center of one gable. The upper section of the tower contains a belfry topped with a pyramidal roof. At the rear of the church on each side are two small additions dating from the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The sides of the church each contain four, pedimented, four-over-four windows. The main door is in the bottom of the tower. Above the door in the gable is a small lozenge-shaped window.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains a small narthex with tongue-and-groove boarding, a rectangular nave with tray ceiling, and a polygonal apse. The ornate altarpiece is against the back wall of the apse. Varnished wood doors open off either side of the sanctuary. One leads to the confessional, and the other to a closet room for the priest.</p><br>
<p>Our Saviour&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church, also known as the Danish Lutheran Church, is a historic church located at 300 Walnut Street in Manistee, Michigan. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The building is the oldest existing Danish Lutheran church in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ground was broken on this church, then named the Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Church in May 1868, with construction done by Christian Petersen. However, construction money ran out, and the church building was not completed until the next year. The first worship service was held in the church on August 1, 1869, but the church still lacked a church tower, ceiling, organ, and pews. These were added slowly, with the tower being dedicated in 1888.</p><br>
<p>However, doctrinal disputes within the greater Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Church caused Swedes and Norwegians to form their own denominations, and in 1875, the congregation in Manistee renamed their church the Danish Lutheran Church in Manistee. In 1924, it was renamed Our Saviour&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church, and it operated until 1962 when the Danish Lutheran Church merged with other Scandinavian denominations. The church is open to visitors in the summer and includes a museum about the Danish-American history of Manistee County, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Our Saviour&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church is a rectangular structure measuring 50 feet by 32 feet by 18 feet. It contains nine windows: three on each side and three in front. With classic Danish architectural influences, the church featuring an elaborate hand carved altar.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Catholic Church, now used as the Menominee County Historical Museum, is a historic church at 904 11th Avenue in Menominee, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The St. John the Baptist parish in Menominee was the oldest religious organization on the Menominee River in Michigan. It was founded in 1872, and the first church building was completed in 1873. In 1919, the parish hired architect Derrick Hubert, a member of the parish, to design this church building as a replacement. The old church was demolished in 1921, and the new St. John the Baptist Church building was built in 1921-22. The church was used by the parish until parish mergers in 1972. The building is now used as the Heritage museum of the Menominee County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Catholic Church is a Late Gothic Revival building, constructed of red brick on a stone and reinforced-concrete foundation. The church has a gable roof, a square tower projecting from the facade, and a rectangular wing to the east. The water table, window sills, and hood moldings are constructed from concrete, while other decorative elements are made from galvanized iron. The front gabled facade of the church is divided into three sections by buttresses. The center section contains a Tudor-arch double door entrance, above which is a low, three-sided, pointed-arch window. The bays to each side contain single Tudor-arch windows. A five-sided apse at the rear of the building once housed the sanctuary. The stained glass windows in the church were reportedly made in Munich, Germany.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the central front entrance leads into a terrazzo-floored narthex; from there, there are three doors into the nave. The nave has a reinforced concrete floor and a ceiling which coves at the side walls and slopes upward toward the center from either side. A balcony projects from the rear. The former sanctuary floor is raised one step above the nave floor. The altars were removed when the church was closed, but the main altar&#39;s marble base remains. Most pews have been removed from the nave, and the space holds museum exhibits.</p><br>
<p>Sashabaw Presbyterian Church for information about the current congregation go to www.sashabawpresbyterian.org The original or "Century Building" is located across the street and is a historic church located at 5331 Maybee Road near Clarkston, Michigan. The church is one of the oldest in the Detroit Presbytery and has served congregations for nearly 150 years. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1964 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1840, a local congregation was organized as a mission of the First Presbyterian Church in Pontiac. A schism soon resulted in the formation of the Church of Orion and Independence, which met in local schools. The society chose Pratt & Tuttle as contractors, and the congregation changed its name to the "First Presbyterian of Independence Township." A lot for construction was purchased, and the building was completed in 1856 for a total cost (including furnishings) of $3000. In 1917-18, the church was renovated, replacing the foundation and removing the steeple.</p><br>
<p>However, the church congregation remained small, and in 1932 it was dissolved. In 1946, the Sashabaw United Presbyterian Church was organized and began using this building as its home. In 1952, the church was lifted, and a new foundation with a basement laid. In 1958, the steeple and belfry, removed in 1917-18, were replaced. In the 1960s, a new meeting house was constructed nearby for the congregation, and the congregation moved there for worship services in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The 1856 church is currently used by the Sashabaw Presbyterian Church (USA). In 2012 a workshop in window restoration was held in conjunction with the DAR and Clarkston Historical Society. The building is currently used by the churches theater ministry and special worship services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sashabaw Presbyterian Church is a small rectangular-plan Greek Revival clad in clapboard siding. It has a gable roof with flush-boarded pedimented treatment within the gable, sixteen-over-sixteen sash windows, and a small 1957 steeple. A rear addition is connected to the church.</p><br>
<p>Highland United Methodist Church  is a historic Victorian Gothic church building and library at 205 West Livingston Road in Highland, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Methodist congregation in Highland was first organized in 1865, and met in the Hickory Ridge School. They continued to meet in the school house until 1886, when they had raised enough funds to build this structure. The church was built by local carpenters George and Lester St. John on three lots in Highland, donated by J. B. and Betsey Crouse, and was completed in late 1886. In 1946, the Hickory Ridge School (built in 1835) was moved to the site of the church and connected to serve as a parish hall. Another portion was added to the rear of the structure in 1957.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the building was purchased by Highland Township, renovated and expanded, and put into use as a library in 1982. The structure is currently known as the Highland Station House and houses the Huron Valley Council for the Arts.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Highland United Methodist Church is a rectangular Victorian Gothic structure with a gable roof, clapboard siding, and a projecting square tower at one corner, topped with a belfrey and spire. The windows are tall and narrow, with original wooden louvered blinds on the exterior. Scrollsaw filigree decorates the window heads, the front gable, and the tower. A double-door entrance is on the base of the tower, and is sheltered by a hood.</p><br>
<p>The adjoining addition, originally the 1835 Hickory Ridge School, is a single-story, gable-roofed, wood frane structure.</p><br>
<p>The St. Vincent DePaul Catholic Church, Convent, and School is a historic church located at 46408 Woodward Avenue in Pontiac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1987 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish of St. Vincent DePaul was established in 1851, covering all of Oakland County and parts of the surrounding counties. The first church used by the parish was located on North Saginaw Street in Pontiac. In 1866, the church moved to a location on Oakland Avenue at Lafayette. The church continued to grow, and in the 1880s, the Reverend Fridolin Baumgartner began raising funds for the construction of the present church. The congregation hired the Detroit architecture firm of Donaldson & Meier to design the church, and the cornerstone was laid on September 6, 1885.</p><br>
<p>The church was dedicated two years later, on September 18, 1887. A 6600-pound bell was installed in the church in 1890. A rectory was constructed in 1895, a school building was added in 1897, and a parish hall in 1911. The school was replaced with another structure in 1923, and a convent was added in 1926. The school operated until 1969, when it closed.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the diocese merged the St. Vincent de Paul parish with two other local parishes (St. Joseph and St. Michael the Archangel) to form the St Damien of Molokai parish, following the beatification of Father Damien in 1995. The Belgian-born priest was known for his work for 16 years with Hawaiians with leprosy at a colony on Molokai. Father Damien was canonized as a Catholic saint in 2009, the tenth person recognized by the church in the United States. The St. Vincent de Paul church continues to serve the parish.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Vincent DePaul Catholic Church complex contains St. Vincent&#39;s Church (1885), rectory (1895), parish hall (1911), St. Frederick School (1923), and the Convent (1926). The church is designed as a Gothic Revival structure. The other buildings were designed as Collegiate Gothic.</p><br>
<p>Third Reformed Church of Holland is a historic church at 110 West 12th Street in Holland, Michigan. It was built in 1874 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dutch immigrants first settled in Holland, Michigan in 1847, and they immediately established The First Reformed Church with the Reverend Albertus Van Raalte as pastor. Over the next few years, a second Reformed congregation was established, but by the mid-1860s, the continued influx of Dutch immigrants strained the capacity of both churches. By 1866, Van Raalte recommended that the First Reformed Church be split. In 1867, the Third Reformed Church was organized and construction started on a new church building at this site. The church building was dedicated on February 14, 1868.</p><br>
<p>However, on October 8, 1871, two-thirds of Holland was destroyed by forest fires which had been burning for several weeks in areas surrounding the town. The recently constructed church was one of the first buildings destroyed. The congregation resolved to rebuild, and hired local architect John R. Kleyn to deseign this building. Despite setbacks, the new church was dedicated on November 25, 1874.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Third Reformed Church is a balloon frame structure covered with vertical board and batten siding painted light gray. with brown trim. The side walls are supported by buttresses. The original section of the building measures 55 feet by 90 feet. A 15-foot square tower runs 125 feet in height. The foundation is made from sandstone.</p><br>
<p>Dixboro United Methodist Church is a historic church located at 5221 Church Street in Dixboro, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971. It is significant as a nearly unaltered example of a mid-19th century Greek Revival-style church designed by a professional architect.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Methodist services in the village of Dixboro were performed in 1828. For the next 30 years, services were performed sporadically by circuit riders. Finally, in 1857, a group of Dixboro citizens met, elected a Board of Trustees, and authorized the building of a church for a price not to exceed $2500. The Board hired Ypsilanti, Michigan architect Abraham Cooper to design the church and Saline builder E. W. Ford to construct it. The building was completed in 1858, for a total cost of $2241.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, a basement was dug underneath the church and a furnace installed. In 1950-51, a wing was added and the cupola was shortened. In 1969, a second wing was added. Finally, in 1997-98, the structure was completely renovated, and the cupola was restored to its original height. The church is still used for weekly services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dixboro United Methodist Church is a single-story, frame, Greek Revival structure topped with a square cupola and belfry. It is clad in clapboard siding. The front facade is divided into four bays by Doric pilasters, and a pedimented portico shelters the entrance. The entrance is flanked by triple-hung sash windows, which continue on each side of the church.</p><br>
<p>St. Patrick&#39;s Parish Complex is a historic church building, with associated rectory and cemetery, located at Northfield Church and Whitmore Lake Roads in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976. The complex is significant both because of its historical association with the early Irish Catholics in the area, and because of the architecturally important Gothic revival church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, a number of Irish Catholics began settling in this area of Michigan. In 1829, Kilkenny, Ireland native Father Patrick O&#39;Kelly was dispatched to the area to minister to the growing community. The property upon which the present church now stands was purchased in 1831, and a log structure was constructed to serve as the first parish church. The parish was originally named "St. Brigid," and is the oldest English-speaking Catholic parish in the state.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the current church building was begun in 1875 and completed in 1878; the parish was renamed "St. Patrick&#39;s" at that time. A rectory was added in 1889-90. In 1917, a tornado badly damaged both the church and the rectory; both were rebuilt. The church is still used for weekly services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Patrick&#39;s Parish complex contains a church with associated cemetery and rectory. The church is a red brick Gothic revival structure on a rough-hewn stone foundation. The façade of the church is symmetric, with a square central tower surmounted by an octagonal spire. The entrance is through a gabled projection at the base of the tower. A lancet window pierces the tower, and similar windows run along the building sides.</p><br>
<p>The nearby rectory is a two-story center entrance brick structure.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Methodist Episcopal Church  and associated Salem Walker Cemetery is a historic church and cemetery located at 7150 Angle Road, in Salem Township, Michigan with a postal designation of Northville, Michigan. The church and cemetery were added to the National Register in 1992 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1991. The church is significant as one of the least-altered Greek Revival churches existing in the state of Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers in Salem Township arrived in 1825. The first burial in the Salem Walker Cemetery took place in 1834. The congregation of the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church formed in the mid-19th century, and met at various places in the township until the 25 members constructed a church adjacent to the cemetery in 1864. The congregation grew to about 60 by 1880, but later declined. Services continued at the church until 1912, after which the congregation abandoned it. In 1908, the Salem Walker Cemetery association founded to care for the cemetery and in 1930, it contacted the Methodist conference about purchasing the church. The next year, the Association purchased the church for $200. The church building is rented for weddings and other gatherings.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, scenes for the movie The Five-Year Engagement were filmed at the church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Salem Walker Church is a single story Greek Revival structure built on a square plan and surmounted by a belfry. The nearby Salem Walker cemetery is enclosed by a 1909 ornamental fence.</p><br>
<p>Saline First Presbyterian Church is a historic church located at 143 E. Michigan Avenue in Saline, Michigan. It was added to the National Register in 1985</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1831, soon after the opening of the Erie Canal, a group of twelve Presbyterian families from Newark, New York pulled up stakes and headed westward to Detroit. The families settled in the area around what is now Saline, and immediately began holding church services. For a decade, these services were held in private homes, schools, or other meeting places; finally, in 1842, the Presbyterian congregation constructed a frame church on the site where the present church is located. This early church served the congregation until 1898, when the current church was constructed. The congregation hired Detroit architects Frederick H. Spier and William C. Rohns to design the church, and local contractor Conrad Schaffer and Son to build it. The structure and interior furnishings cost a total of $5,981.</p><br>
<p>New porches and steps were constructed in 1954, using stones quarried from the same location as the original stones were. In the mid-1970s, the building was extensively renovated both inside and out. The sanctuary was renovated and restored in 1998, and is still used for services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Saline Presbyterian Church is a brick Romanesque Revival structure, built with an irregular plan on a heavy stone foundation. It has a gable roof and a large square corner tower topped with spires; a smaller round tower is located at the southeast corner. The south and east sides of the building feature large stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The Unitarian Universalist Church  is a historic church building at 100 N. State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Society of Ann Arbor was formed in 1865, and began worshiping in what was once the Methodist Church. In 1878, Dr. Jabez T. Sunderland arrived in Ann Arbor as the pastor of the First Unitarian Church. One of the first projects he tackled in his 20-year tenure was the construction of a new church building. Sunderland raised $19,000 toward the cost of the structure, and the congregation hired the Detroit architectural firm of Donaldson and Meier to design the building. Construction on the building began in 1881, with the stonework done by the Walker Brothers firm of Ann Arbor, and it was completed in 1882.</p><br>
<p>A student center addition was constructed in 1920. The Unitarian congregation used the building until 1946, when the congregation moved to Washtenaw Avenue. The Grace Bible Church congregation purchased the building that year and eventually leased the building to the Bible Church of True Holiness in 1971. Grace Bible Church moved to South Maple Road in 1975. The building was sold again in 1985 to D. B. Associates Ltd. which renovated the inside and outside of the then deteriorating building to house the architecture firm of Hobbs and Black, Associates, Inc. During renovation, an 1890s Tiffany window that had been covered over in the 1930s was discovered.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ann Arbor First Unitarian Church is a two-story rectangular Richardsonian Romanesque structure constructed of ashlar decorated with bands of darker stone. The roof is cross-gabled, and a turreted square tower with a hip roof sits at the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The isolated San Martin Tuxtla volcano is a shield volcano which rises above the Gulf of Mexico. It has had eruptions in historical times. It occurs in the Tuxtla volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico. Lavas from San Martin vary between basanite and alkali basalt. Locally the volcano is also known as Tiltépetl .</p><br>
<h2>Morphology</h2><br>
<p>San Martin forms a broad shield volcano, it rises to a height of 1680 m and is capped by a 1 km wide summit crater which is 150 m in depth. The crater contains two pyroclastic cones that were the source of the large 1793 eruption. The flanks of the volcano are dotted with 250 pyroclastic cones and maars, some of which have been active in historical times. The volcano is currently densely forested.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>1664 eruption: A large VEI 3 eruption occurred from the southeast flank. This led to evacuation.</p><br>
<p>1793 eruption: A large VEI 4 eruption came from two pyroclastic cones in the summit, it produced widespread ashfall and lava flows that ran down the northeast flank.</p><br>
<p>1794-1796 eruption: A small VEI 2 eruption that continued for two years started in May, 1794.</p><br>
<p>The Goshen Valley is a 17 mi valley located in southern Utah County, Utah, and the valley forms part of its southeast border with the Wasatch Front, and parts of the Wasatch Range. The valley is an extension southwesterly of the Utah Valley.</p><br>
<p>A southern arm (Goshen Bay), of Utah Lake of Utah Valley bisects the valley, with western shore valley areas extending north to Mosida (site), at the south of the Lake Mountains. The valleys northeast on the southeast Goshen Bay lakeshore is bounded by West Mountain, an off-lying mountain of the Wasatch Range. East of West Mountain is the southernmost part of Utah Valleys southeast, and, northwest, west & southwest of West Mountain is the Goshen Valley.</p><br>
<p>The southwest of Goshen Valley is bounded by the East Tintic Mountains where County Line Ridge, and other peaks, form the southwest boundary of Utah County. Mountains southeast turn northeast to meet the south of Utah Valley, east of West Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Goshen, Utah lies in the valley&#39;s center-southeast; Santaquin is adjacent northeast, and near the southern end of West Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Goshen Valley is mostly a flat triangular shape, extending north–south; the point southward lies between the intersecting mountain foothills and ridgelines on both sides. Northwest is the southwest shore of Utah Lake, where the valley extends past a south arm of the lake (Goshen Bay), to reach Mosida, which lies at the south end of the Lake Mountains. Low foothills border the valley there northwest, and are mostly a mountain spur region (trending northeast) from the East Tintic Mountains, but connecting to the Lake Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The northeast of the valley ends at southwest West Mountain; there, the mountain forms a 9 mi spur as the eastern border of Goshen Bay, the lake extension south into Goshen Valley. Also at the southwest of West Mountain are foothills, and a marshy region, as well as White Lake, only 0.5 mi from Utah Lake, separated by a strip of land.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent just south of West Mountain is another mountain, Warm Springs Mountain, 5,537 ft; its western flank is the site of the abandoned mining operation, the Tintic Standard Reduction Mill, and adjacent west is Warm Springs.</p><br>
<h3>Current Creek and reservoirs</h3><br>
<p>Various creeks feed from the mountains located southwest and southeast. Current Creek flows north towards Utah Lake in the valley center; the small Goshen Reservoir lies upstream (south) on Current Creek in the center-south of the valley.</p><br>
<p>The Current Creek Canal lies at the valley&#39;s south foothills, with a section for the southwest foothills, and for the southeast foothills. Each section is about 6 mi long. Mona Reservoir lies beyond the southeast hills upstream, in the far north of Juab Valley. Current Creek drains north through the north half of Juab Valley.</p><br>
<p>Chester Heights Camp Meeting Historic District is a historic Methodist camp meeting and national historic district located at Chester Heights, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 101 contributing buildings. The buildings are in a vernacular camp meeting style of architecture, with notable examples of the Gothic Revival and Queen Anne styles. Public buildings include the contributing Tabernacle , Dining Hall , Youth Tabernacle (1909, and dormitory. Most of the contributing buildings are cottages, built starting in 1876 and until about 1920.</p><br>
<p>In two separate incidents in 2011 and early 2012, the Tabernacle and multiple cottages were burned in an arson. In 2016 part of the property was sold to be developed as an apartment complex.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1872, an association of Methodists purchased land and incorporated under the title Chester-Heights Camp-Meeting Association.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
